Jack Mayer / John D. Mayer, Emotional Intelligence

Jack Mayer
(John D. Mayer)

Most Recent Items

Dec 13 - Emotional abuse, emotional support

In my opinion, Jack Mayer is the person most worthy of credit for doing the original thinking on, and development of, the concept of emotional intelligence. It is hard to find much information about who this person is though. He is a very quiet person, a very humble person. He is not a person who has been trying to make money from the concept of EI. He is one of the few people in this "field" that I can say that about.

I have met Jack on several occasions. I have almost nothing negative or critical to say about him. He is, to me, basically what a researcher and scientist should be. I believe Jack is interested primarily in knowledge, understanding and truth. Money and fame seem to be very low on his priority list.

He and Peter Salovey wrote the original article about their concept of what emotional intelligence might be back in 1990. In that article Jack was listed second to Peter, but since then Jack has taken the lead in authorship in most of the academic journal articles written by the two of them.

Steve Hein
April 19, 2005

Other info from and about Jack

Jack Mayer's website on emotional intelligence (There are now some full copies of his articles on the site on this page)

A link to a full copy of Peter Salovey and Jack's historically important 1990 article on emotional intelligence.

Link to a radio interview with Jack (or it used to be, I guess you have to buy a copy of it now! It figures!)

Below is a list of journal articles written by Jack, Peter and Jack's friend David Caruso. The list was originally prepared for me by Jack a few years ago, so it is not up to date. For reprint requests of all articles in which Mayer is the first author, please contact Anne Kendal at akendal@cisunix.unh.edu

A more uptodate list is found on this page of David Caruso's site

An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Works in

Emotional Intelligence

From the collaborations of John D. Mayer, Peter Salovey, and David Caruso

Originally Prepared by John D. Mayer ¹

(Note: The articles are arranged in chronological order of publication; determined by Psych Lit, the database of the American Psychological Association)

Mayer, J.D., DiPaolo, M.T., & Salovey, P. (1990). Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 772-781.

The first empirical study of emotional intelligence that explicitly used the term. People’s abilities to identify emotions in faces, abstract designs, and colors, were examined. These had never been studied together before. A single ability to recognize emotional content in the various stimuli was shown to exist.

Salovey, P. & Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.

Although this was, in order of publication, our second article on emotional intelligence, it attracted the most attention by far. This article presents our first model of emotional intelligence. It is also the article most heavily relied upon by Goleman in his first book. The article provided an overview of research in a number of (then) apparently unrelated areas and suggested that findings from those different areas indicated the presence of a coherent ability: emotional intelligence.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17(4), 433-442.

This article was an editorial arguing that emotional intelligence could be defined as a traditional and standard intelligence. It reflects a growing focus on the intelligence model for emotional intelligence.

Salovey, P., Hsee, C., & Mayer, J. D. (1993). Emotional intelligence and the self- regulation of affect. In D.M. Wegner & J.W. Pennebaker (Eds.) Handbook of mental control (Pp. 258-277). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

This chapter employs our then evolving model of emotional intelligence (e.g., Mayer & Salovey, 1993; Salovey & Mayer, 1990) and then applies it to individual differences in the way people cope with stress. The role of emotional intelligence in various coping mechanisms, such as writing or talking about traumatic experiences, is given particular attention.

Mayer, J. D., & Stevens, A. (1994). An emerging understanding of the reflective (meta-) experience of mood. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 351-373.

Meta-experience of mood and emotion refers to the study of the reflective experience of mood. The first meta-experience scale was introduced in 1988 (see Mayer & Gaschke, 1988, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology). This article presents a revision of the scale that has far superior psychometrics. The scale focuses on state -- that is, transient -- changes in mood regulation. Although we had originally viewed these as potential measures of emotional intelligence, it was apparent after a while that ability scales would be needed to better measure the construct. Still the meta-experience of mood is an interesting phenomenon in its own right, and predicts much of importance (see also article immediately below). The concluding section examines how state meta-mood might be related to emotional intelligence.

Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S., Turvey, C, & Palfai, T. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.) Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

This article published the trait meta-mood scale. Like the state meta-mood scale but more so, this article focused on the use of meta-mood scales for the measurement of emotional intelligence. Although we do not now view this as the best operationalization of emotional intelligence, the article indicates that the meta-experience of mood is predictive of important personality outcomes.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4.197-208.

In this article, we developed most carefully a rationale for the “reasoning” group of skills that were introduced in our revised 1997 model of emotional intelligence. Also included in this article was an extensive re-examination of the “management” group of skills.

Mayer, J.D., & Geher, G. (1996). Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion. Intelligence, 22, 89-113. See abstract

Reporting important developments in the measurement of emotional intelligence, this article provided further evidence that emotional intelligence is a viable empirical concept and could be measured both reliably and validly. About 200 participants tried to identify emotion in prose passages. Those who were better at it were also more empathic, scored higher on SAT’s, and were more open. This article also provides a theoretical discussion and an empirical investigation into the best ways to score the “right answer” on emotional intelligence tests.

Salovey, P., & Sluyter, D. J. (1997). Emotional development and emotional intelligence. New York: Basic Books.

If you are interested in emotion and conduct in school, this book is a great academic resource. It is an edited volume by my colleagues Peter Salovey and David Sluyter. The first chapter is on emotional intelligence (see Mayer & Salovey, 1997, below). The remaining chapters cover other topics – some closely related to emotional intelligence, others related to emotions or good behavior more generally. It is an excellent volume, bringing together a number of theoreticians and applied psychologists who are all working on topics of interest to educators.

Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds). Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.

This chapter in the above book presents our revised model of emotional intelligence, on which our current tests and research are based. Our original 1990 model of emotional intelligence was enlarged, clarified, and better organized. The paper was written for non-psychologists to read.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (1997). Emotional IQ test (CD ROM). Needham, MA: Virtual Knowledge.

A CD-ROM, self-test version of the MEIS (Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale). An ability test for self-assessment. The psychometric properties of the paper and pencil version of the scale are highly studied, and appear excellent. See Mayer, Caruso & Salovey (in press) below for further information.

Salovey, P., Bedell, B. T., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (in press). Current directions in emotional intelligence research. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds), Handbook of Emotions (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

This chapter elaborates on the Mayer and Salovey (1997) model and, in particular, discusses how it fits with long-standing debates in the field of emotion concerning whether emotion facilitates rational problem solving and adaptive behavior or interferes with these processes. Some limitations of popularized versions of emotional intelligence are described in this chapter as well.

Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D.R. (1999). MSCEIT Item Booklet (Research Version 1.1) Toronto, ON:MHS Publishers

This is our cutting edge ability measure for emotional intelligence. Already available to researchers and soon to be revised for more general distribution, it consists of 12 subscales to measure mental capacities releveant to emotional intelligence. The scales are keyed to our 1997 model. For information from the publisher, contact Lisa Ayoung <lisa.a.mhs.com> at MHS Publishers

Mayer, J.D. (September 1999). Emotional Intelligence: Popular or scientific psychology? APA Monitor, 30, 50. [Shared Perspectives Column] Washington, DD; American Psychological Association.

Briefly compares popular and scientific models of emotional intelligence and attempts to reign in ridiculous over-claiming in the area

Mayer, J.D. (1999). Personality and the search for success. [Book review of Seymour Epstein's Constructive Thinking: The Key to Emotional Intelligence?] Contemporary Psychology: The APA Review of Books, 44, 467-470.

Concludes this is truly an outstanding book -- although it may not have a lot to do with emotional intelligence.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000) Models of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.). Handbook of Human Intelligence (2nd ed), pp 396-420. New York: Cambridge.

Our most recent review examines different theories and measurement instruments that have been developed in the area of emotional intelligence. It analyzes and evaluates some of the claims made by each of the theories.

Mayer, J.D. (2000). Spiritual Intelligence or spiritual consciousness? Journal of Psychology and Religion, 10, 47-56.

Well, there is emotional intelligence, so why not spiritual intelliegence? Comments on an ariticle by Robert Emmons, a distinguished personality psychologist at the University of California, Davis, that argues for the existence of a spiritual intelligence.

Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (2000) Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27 (4), pp 267-298.

This manuscript presents the results of the major measure of emotional intelligence developed by my colleagues and I. It also reports the most compelling evidence yet that emotional intelligence exists.

Cobb, C., & Mayer, J. D. (2000). Emotional intelligence: What the research says. Educational Leadership, 58, 14-18.
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Mayer, J.D. (2000). Emotion, intelligence, emotional intelligence. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.). The handbook of affect and
social cognition (pp. 410-431). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
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Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2000). Models of emotional intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), The handbook of intelligence (pp. 396-420). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000). MSCEIT Item Booklet (Version 2.0). Multi-Health Systems.
Toronto: ON.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000) Emotional Intelligence as Zeitgeist, as Personality, and as a Mental Ability. In: R. Bar-On, & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.). The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 92-117). ). New York: Jossey-Bass.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000) Selecting a Measure of Emotional Intelligence: The Case for Ability Scales, Chapter in: R. Bar-On, & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.). The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 320-342). ). New York: Jossey-Bass. See my notes from a pre-publication copy)

Mayer, J. D., & Cobb, C. D. (2000). Educational policy on emotional intelligence: Does it make sense? Educational Psychology Review, 12, 163-183.
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Salovey, P., Bedell, B., Detweiler, J., & Mayer, J.D. (2000). Current directions in emotional intelligence research. In M. Lewis & J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (Second Edition, pp. 504-520). New York: Guilford Press.
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Ciarrochi, J., Forgas, J. P., & Mayer, J. D. (Eds.) (2001). Emotional intelligence and everyday life. New York:
Psychology Press.

Mayer, J. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Forgas, J. P. (2001). Emotional intelligence and everyday life: An introduction. In J.
Ciarrochi, J. P. Forgas, & J. D. Mayer (Eds.) Emotional intelligence and everyday life (pp.xi-xviii). New York: Psychology
Press.

Mayer, J. D. (2001). A Field Guide to Emotional Intelligence. In J. Ciarrochi, J. P. Forgas, & J. D. Mayer (Eds.)
Emotional intelligence and everday life (pp.3-24). New York: Psychology Press.

Mayer, J. D., Perkins, D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2001). Emotional intelligence and giftedness. Roeper
Review, 23(3), 131-137.

Salovey, P., Woolery, A., & Mayer, J.D. (2001). Emotional intelligence: Conceptualization and measurement. In G. Fletcher & M. Clark (Ed.), The Blackwell handbook of social psychology. London: Blackwell.

Caruso, D., Mayer, J.D., & Salovey, P. (2001). Emotional intelligence and emotional leadership. In R. Riggio & S. Murphy (Eds.), Multiple intelligences and leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

This chapter applies the ability and mixed models of emotional intelligence to theories and functions of leadership.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence meets standards for a traditional intelligence again - Findings from the MSCEIT. Submitted for publication.

Below is a list copied from David Caruso's website. Please check there for the most recent updates. S.H.

Mayer, J. D. (in press). Emotional intelligence. In R. Fernández-Ballesteros (Ed.). Encyclopædia of
Psychological Assessment. London: Sage Publications.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (in press). Personal intelligence, social intelligence, and emotional intelligence: The hot
intelligences. In M. E. P. Seligman & C. Peterson, (in press). Values In Action Classification Manual [tentative
title]. Mayerson Foundation.

Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D., & Sitarenios, G. (in press.) Emotional Intelligence As a Standard Intelligence:a reply. Emotion.

Pizarro, D.A., & Salovey, P. (in press). On being and becoming a good person: The role of emotional intelligence in moral development and behavior. In J. Aronson & D. Cordova (Eds.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education. San Diego: Academic Press.

Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., & Caruso, D. (in press). The positive psychology of emotional intelligence. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Salovey, P., & Pizarro, D.A. (in press). The value of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, J. Lautrey, & T. Lubart (Eds.), Models of Intelligence for the Next Millennium. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., Caruso, D., & Lopes, P.N. (in press). Measuring emotional intelligence as a set of abilities with the MSCEIT. In S.J. Lopez and C.R. Snyder (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology assessment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Salovey, P., Stroud, L.R., Woolery, A., & Epel, E.S. (in press). Perceived emotional intelligence, stress reactivity, and symptom reports: Further explorations using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychology and Health.

Woolery, A., & Salovey, P. (in press). Emotional intelligence and physical health. In I. Nyklicek, L.R. Temoshok, & A. Vingerhoets (Eds.), Biobehavioral perspectives on health and disease prevention (Vol. 6). New York: Harwood Academic Publishers.

For reprints contact akendal@cisunix.unh.edu